Types of Traumatic Brain Injury

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Injuries occur to the brain, skull, and scalp are refered as brain injury. Complications and required treatments will greatly depend on the location of the injury, how the injury is acquired,and the severity of the brain damage.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is an injury to the brain caused by a trauma to the head. There are many possible causes, including road traffic accidents, falls, assaults and accidents at home or at work.

Types of Traumatic Brain Injury

There are four main types of TBIs. They are concussion, contusion, penetrating injury, and anoxic brain injury.

Concussions

A concussion is a minor brain injury that is caused by shaking, a sudden change in movement, like whiplash or  an impact to the head. It can cause headaches, memory loss, problems with concentration and disorientation.They should considered as serious and should be treated as soon as possible.

Contusion

Just like have a bruise on the skin, a brain contusion is a bruise of the brain tissue,. They are caused by the breaking and leaking of small blood vessels. On the skin this leaking blood under the skin causes the blue coloring. On the brain, the leaking causes making of pressure.Brain contusions can be caused by any impact to the head.

The differences in the site of injury are classified under coup and contrecoup injuries.Contusions also can range from minor to extremely severe. Severe contusions may cause a loss of consciousness, tiredness, emotional distress,  confusion, or agitation. More severe contusions may lead to swelling of brain, prevent proper oxygenation, and other serious consequences.

Penetrating injury

Penetrating brain injuries occur when some type of object penetrate through the skull. This may cause the object to make contact with the brain. This contact and force on the brain can cause serious injury to the brain. Penetrating brain injuries may be caused by strong external force or strong object break through the skull. For example:

Slip and fall causing the skull to crack.

Gunshot wound to the head, which is the leading cause of death by TBI.

Sports-related injury due to excessive force.

Motor vehicle accident in which something penetrates or breaks the skull.

Anoxic brain injury

When the brain does not receive enough oxygen to operate properly anoxic brain injury occurs. Brain injury will occur after four to five minutes without a proper amount of oxygen, brain cells will begin to die. Anoxic brain damage occurs because of the blockage of blood flow as oxygen is carried to the brain by blood.  This blockage can occur as a result of a stroke, blood clot, heart attack, or serious trauma.This may also occur blood to brain not carrying enough oxygen. This occur as a result of drowning, poisoning, choking, carbon monoxide poisoning, suffocation,  or  anything that prevents the lungs from taking in a normal amount of oxygen molecules.

AVA Brain Injury Program works to minimize the effects of cognitive and physical disabilities.

Location: Thrissur, Kerala, India

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