Guillain barre syndrome
Guillain-Barré syndrome
(GBS) is a disease affected the nervous system. It is thought to be caused by
an autoimmune reaction. This means it cause body's immune system to attack its
own tissues. This disease starts when the immune system attacks and damages
something called myelin. That’s a layer of insulation that surrounds nerves. It
also helps nerves transmit their messages. Usually, weakness begins in both
legs and moves up the body.
GBS damages the
peripheral nervous system. That’s the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.
They help the central nervous system communicate with the rest of your body,
including the skin, heart, and muscles.
GBS often starts a few
days or weeks after an infection like the cold or flu. People with this
syndrome are hospitalized immediately because symptoms can worsen rapidly.
Immune globulin given intravenously or plasma exchange speeds recovery.
Signs
and symptoms
Guillain-Barre syndrome
often begins with tingling and weakness starting in feet and legs and spreading
to upper body and arms. In about half of people with the disorder, symptoms
begin in the arms or face. As Guillain-Barre syndrome progresses, muscle
weakness can evolve into paralysis.
Prickling, pins and
needles sensations in your fingers, toes, ankles or wrists.
Weakness in legs that
spreads to your upper body.
Unsteady walking or
inability to walk or climb stairs.
Difficulty with eye or
facial movements, including speaking, chewing or swallowing.
Severe pain that may
feel achy or cramplike and may be worse at night.
Difficulty with bladder
control or bowel function.
Rapid heart rate.
Low or high blood
pressure.
Difficulty breathing.
Treatment
Medications are
available to ease symptoms.
There are two types of
treatment that can reduce the severity of symptoms and improve the rate of
recovery:
Immunoglobulin therapy:
Antibodies from donors are given intravenously (IV). This treatment seems to
reduce the autoimmune response that occurs.
Plasma exchange, also
known as plasmapheresis: Blood is taken from the body. The blood plasma is then
separated from the blood cells. The blood cells are returned, and the body
regenerates plasma. This process removes some of the antibodies attacking
healthy cells.
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