Spinal Cord Injury

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Spinal cord is a long, tubelike structure that starts from the end of the brain stem and continues to the bottom of the spine.It is most important structure between the body and the brain.It consists of nerves that carry incoming and outgoing messages between the brain and the rest of the body.

Any damage to the spinal cord either from trauma, loss of its normal blood supply, or compression from tumor or infection, that causes changes its function, either temporary or permanent is called spinal cord injury (SCI) .These changes translate into loss of muscle function, sensation, or autonomic function in parts of the body served by the spinal cord below the level of the lesion. Spinal cord is very sensitive to injury. If it is damaged the spinal cord does not have the ability to repair itself unlike other body parts.

Types of Spinal Cord Injuries

Spinal cord injuries are divided into two: Incomplete and Complete.

Incomplete spinal cordinjuries: In an incomplete spinal cord injury there is some remaining function below the level of the injury. In most cases both sides of the body are affected equally.

Complete spinal cordinjuries: In a complete spinal cord injury there is complete loss of sensation and muscle function in the body below the level of the injury.Though, with treatment and physical therapy, it may be possible to regain some function.

The most common types of incomplete or partial spinal cord injuries are

Anterior cord syndrome: This type of injury,damages the motor and sensory pathways in the spinal cord as it affect the front part of spinal cord.The patient may retain some sensation, but struggle with movement.

Central cord syndrome: This occur when there is a damage to the nerves that carry signals from the brain to the spinal cord and also when an injury to the center of the cord.Common symptoms include loss of fine motor skills, paralysis of the arms, and partial impairment—usually less pronounced in the legs.

Brown-Sequard syndrome: This type of injury occur when damage to one side of the spinal cord. The injury may be more affect on one side of the body; ie movement may be impossible on the right side, but may be fully retained on the left.

Depending upon the nature of injuries the spinal cord injuries include:

Tetraplegia: Damage to the cervical spinal cord results tetraplegia.These are typically the most severe, producing varying degrees of paralysis of all limbs. Tetraplegia also known as quadriplegia cause the ability to move below the part of the injury, and may produce difficulties in respiration ,bladder and bowel control, , and other routine functions.

Paraplegia:Movement and sensation are removed from the lower half of the body, including the legs results Paraplegia. Damage to the thoracic spinal cord cause Paraplegia.Injuries are typically more severe when they are closer to the top vertebra.

Triplegia: Loss of movement and sensation in one arm and both legs cause Triplegia .It is typically the product of an incomplete spinal cord injury.

TheSpinal Cord Injury Program at AVA Rehabilitation Center offers the most comprehensive rehabilitation program.


Location: Thrissur, Kerala, India

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